Headaches that start in the back of the skull and upper neck; usually spurred (or increase in intensity) by valsalva maneuvers, such as: coughing, sneezing, heaving, laughing, etc.
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Foramen Magnum
An oval opening in the occipital bone, at the base of the skull; the point at which the spinal cord passes and joins the brain stem. As it relates to a Chiari Malformation Type 1, both the cerebellum and the whole of the brainstem, should be above the Foramen Magnum.