A sample of suspicious or abnormal tissue or sample cells taken from the body in order to undergo examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease or disease process.

A procedure to permanently join two or more vertebrae, or vertebrae and the skull which results in a reduced range of motion and the inability of them to work independently from each other.

The surgical removal of all or part of herniated disc.

Surgery used to remove and replace a herniated or severely degenerated disc in the cervical spine (neck).  The incision is made from the anterior (front) of the cervical spine, a discectomy performed (removal of disc) and a bone graft (cadaver, bovine or synthetic) is then placed and fused (permanently joined) to the surrounding healthy vertebrae.

Chiaribridges

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